B.A. PART II PAPER 1.14

GLOSSARY G

GADA YOGA A planetary combination formed in two ways: W Moon posited in 2nd house along with Jupiter and Venus, or the lord of 9th house additionally aspects them; and (ii) all planets, excluding the nodes are posited in adjoining cardinal houses. Gada Yoga makes the individual engaged in philanthropic and religious activities but fierce in appearance and free from any enemy. He earns much money. He is also happily married.

GAJA YOGA A planetary combination in which the lord of the 7th house from ascendant, which would be 9th from the 11th house, is in the 11th house along with Moon, and the lord of the 11th house aspects them. A person born under this combination is always happy, rich, religious, and lives in luxurious style. His third decade in life proves to be very important.

GAJA KESARI-YOGA [Gaja = elephant, Kesari = lion, Yoga combination]. An auspicious planetary combination formed by certain relationships between Moon and Jupiter. It postulates that Jupiter must be in an angle (q.v.) from Moon or the ascendant; or that benefice such as Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury without being debilitated or combust, aspect the Moon. An alternative condition is that Jupiter in a quadrant from the ascendant or Moon is in association with or expected by benefices which are neither combust nor posited in the 6th house. The combination makes the individual bright, affluent, intelligent, accomplished and favored by the government. Gaja Kesari-yoga is both protective from evil consequences of other maleficent as well as productive of auspicious results.

GANDANTA The conjunction of Pisces and Aries, Cancer and Leo, and Scorpio and Sagittarius.

GANESHA [(Gana = inferior deity, or the masses) + (Isha = Lord)]. Also known as Ganapati. Son of Shiva and Parvati or of Parvati only. He is the deity invoked at the commencement of all auspicious activities; he is the supreme god of all educational activities, specially of those connected with divine wisdom. He is the god of wisdom and remover of all obstacles. He is one of the five primary deities (the other four being Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, and Durga) who are related with the five primeval elements, the Panch Mahabhutas (q.v.). Ganesha is described as a short, fat deity of golden-yellow color with a protuberant belly, four hands, and the head of an elephant, which has only one tusk. In one hand he holds a conch shell, in another a discus, in the third a club or goad, and in the fourth a water lily. Sometimes he is depicted riding a mouse or attended by one. He is very fond of lidos. There are many legends about his birth, which makes him born only of Parvati, and which even explains his having an elephant head and only one tusk. According to one version, Ganesha sprang from the scurf of Parvati's body; he was created by her to guard the door while she went for a bath. Shiva, her consort, wished to enter the house but was opposed by Ganesha. An infuriated Shiva cut off Ganesha's head. Later on, to pacify a wailing Parvati he replaced it with an elephant's head. According to another story, when the gods assembled at the birth ceremony of Ganesha, Parvati, proud of her offspring, asked Sani (Saturn), disregarding the natural malefic effect of his glance, to look at him. Sani, when prodded, looked at Ganesha and his head was burn (to ashes. It created a turmoil and Parvati could not be consoled. Brahma however saved the situation by arranging to replace the head with the first one that could be found and that was an elephant's. Another version is that Parvati formed him to suit her own fancy. A further explanation is that Shiva slew Aditya, the Sun but restored him to life again. For this violence, Kashyapa cursed Shiva's son to lose his head, and when he lost it, the head of Indra's elephant was used to replace it. Ganesha's elephant-head contains only one tusk, the other having been lost in a fight with Parasurama (q.v.). It happened so when the latter came to Shiva's abode at Mount Kailash but was stopped at the door by Ganesha who was deputed there to stop anyone from entering the sleeping chamber of Shiva. On being stopped Parasurama felt humiliated, as it is said that Ganesha wrapped him in his trunk. An angry Parasurama threw his axe at Ganesha. As the axe was given to the sage by Shiva himself, Ganesha received it with great humility lest its greatness was compromised, and permitted it to sever one of the tusks. Ganesha is also known as Aj, meaning 'unborn', an epithet for Aries (q.v.). He is said to be a brother of Kartikeya (q.v.), the presiding deity of Mars. [Ganesha is related to Sagittarius in a special way. While Sagittarius is represented as an animal body with a human head, Ganesha is depicted as a human body with an animal head, suggesting his inner preoccupation with cosmic manifestation transforming spirit into matter.] Dr. Rees gives another sea cance of Ganesha. He states Ganesha to be Indra's celestial elephant, Airavata, represented by Capricorn. (See Revelation in the Wilderness, vol. 11, p. 26) According to him, Ganesha watches the beginning of the spiritual path, he is the lord of karmic cause-and-effect, hence the binder and remover of obstacles. Ganapati, according to him, represents the manifested universe in his body, the unmanifested in his head. From another standpoint, Dr. Rees states that below his throat, Ganesha is one with Maya (q.v.), while his head represents Brahman. He associates Ganesha's mouse with Atman, the Divine Self. (See, Ibid., vol. I., p. 288) GARUDA A mythical bird vulture-like-half-man, half-bird-on which Vishnu rides. According to Puranic stories, he is the chief of the feathered race and a staunch enemy of serpents. He is born of Sage Kashyapa and Vinata, one of the daughters of Daksha Prajapati. He has a white face, a beak-like nose, red wings, and a golden body. His lustre was so brilliant that soon after his birth, the gods mistook him for Agni (q.v.) and began worshipping him. Garuda had a son named Sampati, and his wife was Unnati, or Vinayaka Kadru, another wife of Kashyapa, and the mother of the serpent race, was Vinata's great rival. Once the two wives had a dispute over the colour of Indra's horse, Uchchaishravasa, said to have been obtained during the churning of the ocean. Vinata lost and as per the condition of the wager, she was made a slave of Kadru. She could regain her freedom only if Garuda could obtain the nectar. Garuda succeeded in stealing it from heaven but not without a severe fight with Indra, its custodian. Indra recovered the nectar, but he was worsted in the fight and his thunderbolt was smashed in the broil. Garuda's son Jatayu once tried to fly up to the Sun in the sky. This burnt his wings and he fell down. He awaited his death till Rama took birth in a successive yuga, and after giving him details of Sita's abduction by Ravana and her whereabouts, left his body. His last rites were performed by Rama. Jatayu had been a friend of Rama's father, Dasharatha. The friendship began from the time Dasharatha went to the ecliptic to recover Sita from Sani (Saturn). His carriage was consumed by a glance from Saturn but Jatayu caught the falling king and saved him. (See Dowson, p. 135) Blavatsky considers Garuda as a symbol of the Great Cycle representing the periodic rejuvenation of the universe.

GHATIKA LAGNA The Ascendant in the Indian system of horoscopy which is expressed in relation with the daily sunrise and sunset time described in traditional time counts such as ghati, pala, etc. (See Time)

GAYATRI A sacred Mantra (q.v.) of the Rig Veda which is ascribed to Sage Vishwamitra. It is at one and the same time, a prayer, an invocation, and a mantra, a creative sound vibration. It consists of three parts, viz., Maha Vyahritis, Gayatri Mantra proper, and Gayatri Sirah. The first one refers to "Om bhuh, Om Bhuvah, Om Suvah, Om Mahah, Om Janah, Om Tapah, and Om Satyam." These are the seven spheres of existence. Gayatri Mantra alludes to "tat savitur varenyam bhargo devasya dhimahi dhiyo yo nah prachodayat." It means, We meditate upon the Divine Light of that adorable Sun of spiritual consciousness, which stimulates our power of spiritual perception. Gayatri Sirah consists of "Om apo jyoti raso 'mrtam Brahma bhur bhuvah suvar Om" meaning, Om is the Waters, Light, Essence, the Immortal Reality; the Physical, Intermediate and Heaven worlds is Om." A Brahmin is every aspirant seeking Truth, and Brahman, is enjoined to repeat the mantra during his morning, more importantly at dusk, and even during his midday meditations. Gayatri mantra is addressed to Aditya (q.v.), Savitri. Explaining the inner significance of this mantra, Dr. Rees states that Savitri forms an aspect of the Sun in the house, which Mercury rules on the Night-throne. Gayatri is a prayer for spiritual illumination. The mantra has 24 divisions, viz., Tat-Sa-Vi-Tur-Va-Re-Ni-Yam-Bhar-ghoh-De-Va-Sya-Dhi-Ma-Hi-Dhi-Yo-Yo-Nah-Pra-Cho-Da-Yat. These are said to be related with the 24 divisions of the soundboard of the veena, the musical instrument held by Saraswati (q.v.) who is said to be identical with Savitri. These are further associated with the 24 divisions of the path through the zodiac, and with the 24 vertebrae in the spinal column. The Gayatri mantra symbolises, according to Dr. Rees, the world of creation in its stages from midnight to morning, from morning to midday, from midday to evening, and from evening to midnight.

GEMINI Mithuna (sk). The 3rd sign of the zodiac which extends from 600 to 900 of the ecliptic. It consists of two bright stars, Castor and Pollux. They symbolise a twin. In Vedic astrology they represent a male and a female holding a mace and a harp in their hand. The sign is ruled by Mercury; it stands for divine creative energy activated by the polarisation of spirit and matter. Polarisation is an important feature of the sign. Gemini is an odd sign, classified as male by sex, hermaphrodite by temperament, airy by element, and fierce by nature. It is related with west direction. It is powerful during night. Its natural habitat is in gambling dens, pleasure haunts, and bedrooms. It imparts Mahat (q.v.), the thinking principle in its trine aspects. It activates both subjective and objective activities in its interactions. Blavatsky describes Gemini to be the stage corresponding to the ceasing of the androgynal union and the man evolving the woman out of himself as a separate entity. In Kala Purusha, the heavenly or the cosmic man, Gemini represents the neck, the upper portion of the chest and the shoulders. It stands for his courage, enthusiasm as well as the impediments and difficulties met on the evolutionary path. Gemini is considered as the bridge as well as the separating agent between spirit and matter. The synonyms of Gemini are Mithuna (the twin), Dwandwa (conflict, strife), Nriyugma (union of human kind), and such other terms pointing to the duality in life.

GEOCENTRIC SYSTEM The conception of the universe with Earth as its center. It is the system based on the pre-Galilean view of the stellar world. This unrealistic view is opposed to the Heliocentric System (q.v.) yet it does not much vitiate the validity of various astronomical coordinates, especially for their practical use. The present day Ephemeris's provide coordinates of stellar relationships as seen from Earth. With the knowledge of its limitations, the astrological findings do not need any adaptation and they do not lose their applicability.

GOCHARA The range of pasturage for grazing by the cattle; the transit or passage of a planet in relation with other planets during the course of their usual movement. At any moment of time, a planet's position is different from its natal position. This divergence requires to be taken into consideration for astrological predictions. This relationship with natal Moon, along with Sarvastaka Varga (q.v.) and astrological direction (q.v.) synchronized together indicate the precise nature of situation an individual may face due to any planetary influence.

GO-YOGA The planetary combination formed by exaltation of the lord of the ascendant, and strong Jupiter placed in its Mool Trikona (q.v.) in association with the lord of the 2nd house. It makes the individual hail from an elite family and bestows upon him happiness, attractive appearance, and high social standing.

GOLA-YOGA One of the Sankhya-yoga (q.v.). Persons born under it are poor, lazy, and idiots.

GOLAI VRITA Circumference.

GOLARDHA Hemisphere.

GRAHA Planets. In common parlance it refers to the effect of adverse planetary conjuncture.

GRAHA, POURA The nature of planets when they are in opposition to another planet. (See Graha Yudha)

GRAHAYUDHA [(Graha = planet) + (Yudha = fight) planetary warfare]. An astronomical phenomenon resulting from proximity between two planets. It affects their power to produce any result. The planets involved in this relationship are rendered unable to bestow their beneficence, and become inauspicious. Such a situation occurs when a planet other than Moon or the nodes (Rahu.or Ketu) is situated within 50 of the Sun. The planet so placed is considered Asthagatha or combust. When such a relationship takes place with Moon, it is known as Saniaagama, or combination. Any of the five nonluminaries within 50 of any other planet causes planetary warfare, or Graha yudiza, and one of the two involved in this relationship is said to be vanquished and the other is a victor. The victorious planet produces powerful auspicious effects, while the vanquished one becomes inauspicious. The house in which this phenomenon occurs is destroyed and the individual suffers throughout his life in respect to that Bhava (q.v.). There are five kinds of planetary warfare, viz., Bhedam, Ullekham, Amsumardhanam, Apasauyam, and Yuddham. Bhedain occurs when two planets are within 50 of each other though in different asterisms. When they are between 30 and 50 of each other located in the same asterism, they are in Ullekha yuddham. When such planets are within a distance of 10 to 30 of each other in the same asterism, the relationship is known as Amsumardlianam. If the planets are within one degree of the other, they are known as in Graha yuddham proper. If one of the two planets within 50 of each other is direct while the other is retrograde, they form Apasavya Yuddham. The effects of planetary warfare depends upon the conditions classified under Poura Graha, Akranta Graha, and Akrita or Yayee Graha. Poura Graha is a planet in a state of opposition to another. Akranta Graha is the overpowered, chased, or eclipsed planet. Akriti Graha is generally aggressive on the move. The Sun is Poura up to 11 a.m., Akranta at noon, and Akrita or feeble in the afternoon. Moon is always overpowered. Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn are always in opposition (Poura), while Mars, Venus, Rahu, and Ketu are always aggressive. The effect of Graha yuddha is conditioned by the mood of these planets as indicated above. A planet with earlier longitude is said to defeat the planet ahead of it. A planet in southern hemisphere is considered defeated. But Venus is always victorious. The planet with a fairly larger orb than the other becomes victorious. (See Brihat Samhita, Chap. XVII).

GRISMAKRANTI Also known as Dakshinayan Vibhu. Summer solistice. GULIKA An invisible point considered as a son of Saturn; Mandi (q.v.) is Saturn's another son. Gulika and Mandi are sometimes said to be the same but this view is not universally accepted. Both of these are theoretical satellites, Upagrahas (q.v.), but the methods for determining their positions are different. Gulika assumes that one-eighth of the day and the night is ruled by the seven rulers of the weekdays, while the remaining one-eighth portion is not assigned to any planet. Each ruler is assigned a number according to its sequence in the week, i.e., Sun (1), Moon (2), Mars (3), Mercury (4), Jupiter (5), Venus (6), and Saturn (7). The duration of the day, if the birth is in daytime, and of the night, if the birth is in night, when divided by would indicate the duration of their rulership. The first rulership belongs to the planet ruling the day. The subsequent portions will be ruled by planets in the sequence as in weekdays. The period belonging to Saturn is the period belonging to Gulika. In case, the birth is in night, the first portion of the night does not belong to the planet of the day; it is ruled by the planet relative to the fifth day from the first day. For example, the first planetary rulership for Wednesday night will belong to Sun, and consequently Saturn's portion on this day will be the 7th portion, which will be the time for Gulika. Gulika produces good results in ,the 3rd, 6th, and 11th houses in a natal chart; in the 10th house it makes the person religious and devoted to austerities. The longitude of Gulika is worked out as in the case of ascendant, depending upon the time of birth after sunrise.

GUNAS The three primeval emanations of the Supreme Spirit, Sachchidananda, known as Sattwa (pure harmony), Rajas (pure creative impulse), and Tamas (primeval darkness, or the state of ultimate dissolution). Esoterically, they correspond to Vishnu Brahma, and Shiva, respectively, though for common people Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva represent them. Together known as Trimurti or Trinity, they represent the three qualificative attributes of the universe. These are the basic attributes or qualities of the phenomenal existence. According to Sankhya doctrine, matter, Prakriti, is nothing but a condition of perfect equilibrium of the three attributes, known as Triguna-Samyavastha (harmonious balance of triplicity). Taimini explained the three attributes as different modes of motion. These modes, for want of better words, he calls (i) the vibration which involves rhythmic motion of particles, (ii) the mobility which involves non-rhythmic motion of particles with transference of energy, and (iii) the inertia which involves relative position of particles. The discovery of equivalence and interconvertibility of mass and energy will, according to him, ultimately reveal that the nucleus of an atom is also an expression of energy, and that the ultimate bases of the manifested physical universe is nothing but motion or energy. All properties can therefore be reduced to their simplest elements such as wave, motion or li ht (Prakasha), action (Kriya), and position (Sthiti), at least for the physical universe. Dr. Taimini concludes that these three are the ideas associated with the three Gunas or Attributes.
Among the planets, Sun, Jupiter, and Moon are considered Sattwic planets, representing self-formative, pure, quiescence and rhythmic motion in life's enfoldment. Mercury and Venus are Rajasic; they are involved with self-preservation, energizing action and desire. Saturn and Mars are Tamasic planets leading to a growth process, both physical and psychological, which ultimately leads to dissolution.

GURU Teacher (sk); he who dispels darkness and ignorance; Jupiter (q.v.).

GURU-CHANDALA YOGA A planetary combination relating Jupiter and Rahu. When these two planets are associated together in a house, it produces inauspicious results. It makes the individual depraved and inclined to indulge in socially and morally unethical activities.

B.A. PART II PAPER 1.14

GLOSSARY G

GADA YOGA A planetary combination formed in two ways: W Moon posited in 2nd house along with Jupiter and Venus, or the lord of 9th house additionally aspects them; and (ii) all planets, excluding the nodes are posited in adjoining cardinal houses. Gada Yoga makes the individual engaged in philanthropic and religious activities but fierce in appearance and free from any enemy. He earns much money. He is also happily married.

GAJA YOGA A planetary combination in which the lord of the 7th house from ascendant, which would be 9th from the 11th house, is in the 11th house along with Moon, and the lord of the 11th house aspects them. A person born under this combination is always happy, rich, religious, and lives in luxurious style. His third decade in life proves to be very important.

GAJA KESARI-YOGA [Gaja = elephant, Kesari = lion, Yoga combination]. An auspicious planetary combination formed by certain relationships between Moon and Jupiter. It postulates that Jupiter must be in an angle (q.v.) from Moon or the ascendant; or that benefice such as Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury without being debilitated or combust, aspect the Moon. An alternative condition is that Jupiter in a quadrant from the ascendant or Moon is in association with or expected by benefices which are neither combust nor posited in the 6th house. The combination makes the individual bright, affluent, intelligent, accomplished and favored by the government. Gaja Kesari-yoga is both protective from evil consequences of other maleficent as well as productive of auspicious results.

GANDANTA The conjunction of Pisces and Aries, Cancer and Leo, and Scorpio and Sagittarius.

GANESHA [(Gana = inferior deity, or the masses) + (Isha = Lord)]. Also known as Ganapati. Son of Shiva and Parvati or of Parvati only. He is the deity invoked at the commencement of all auspicious activities; he is the supreme god of all educational activities, specially of those connected with divine wisdom. He is the god of wisdom and remover of all obstacles. He is one of the five primary deities (the other four being Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, and Durga) who are related with the five primeval elements, the Panch Mahabhutas (q.v.). Ganesha is described as a short, fat deity of golden-yellow color with a protuberant belly, four hands, and the head of an elephant, which has only one tusk. In one hand he holds a conch shell, in another a discus, in the third a club or goad, and in the fourth a water lily. Sometimes he is depicted riding a mouse or attended by one. He is very fond of lidos. There are many legends about his birth, which makes him born only of Parvati, and which even explains his having an elephant head and only one tusk. According to one version, Ganesha sprang from the scurf of Parvati's body; he was created by her to guard the door while she went for a bath. Shiva, her consort, wished to enter the house but was opposed by Ganesha. An infuriated Shiva cut off Ganesha's head. Later on, to pacify a wailing Parvati he replaced it with an elephant's head. According to another story, when the gods assembled at the birth ceremony of Ganesha, Parvati, proud of her offspring, asked Sani (Saturn), disregarding the natural malefic effect of his glance, to look at him. Sani, when prodded, looked at Ganesha and his head was burn (to ashes. It created a turmoil and Parvati could not be consoled. Brahma however saved the situation by arranging to replace the head with the first one that could be found and that was an elephant's. Another version is that Parvati formed him to suit her own fancy. A further explanation is that Shiva slew Aditya, the Sun but restored him to life again. For this violence, Kashyapa cursed Shiva's son to lose his head, and when he lost it, the head of Indra's elephant was used to replace it. Ganesha's elephant-head contains only one tusk, the other having been lost in a fight with Parasurama (q.v.). It happened so when the latter came to Shiva's abode at Mount Kailash but was stopped at the door by Ganesha who was deputed there to stop anyone from entering the sleeping chamber of Shiva. On being stopped Parasurama felt humiliated, as it is said that Ganesha wrapped him in his trunk. An angry Parasurama threw his axe at Ganesha. As the axe was given to the sage by Shiva himself, Ganesha received it with great humility lest its greatness was compromised, and permitted it to sever one of the tusks. Ganesha is also known as Aj, meaning 'unborn', an epithet for Aries (q.v.). He is said to be a brother of Kartikeya (q.v.), the presiding deity of Mars. [Ganesha is related to Sagittarius in a special way. While Sagittarius is represented as an animal body with a human head, Ganesha is depicted as a human body with an animal head, suggesting his inner preoccupation with cosmic manifestation transforming spirit into matter.] Dr. Rees gives another sea cance of Ganesha. He states Ganesha to be Indra's celestial elephant, Airavata, represented by Capricorn. (See Revelation in the Wilderness, vol. 11, p. 26) According to him, Ganesha watches the beginning of the spiritual path, he is the lord of karmic cause-and-effect, hence the binder and remover of obstacles. Ganapati, according to him, represents the manifested universe in his body, the unmanifested in his head. From another standpoint, Dr. Rees states that below his throat, Ganesha is one with Maya (q.v.), while his head represents Brahman. He associates Ganesha's mouse with Atman, the Divine Self. (See, Ibid., vol. I., p. 288) GARUDA A mythical bird vulture-like-half-man, half-bird-on which Vishnu rides. According to Puranic stories, he is the chief of the feathered race and a staunch enemy of serpents. He is born of Sage Kashyapa and Vinata, one of the daughters of Daksha Prajapati. He has a white face, a beak-like nose, red wings, and a golden body. His lustre was so brilliant that soon after his birth, the gods mistook him for Agni (q.v.) and began worshipping him. Garuda had a son named Sampati, and his wife was Unnati, or Vinayaka Kadru, another wife of Kashyapa, and the mother of the serpent race, was Vinata's great rival. Once the two wives had a dispute over the colour of Indra's horse, Uchchaishravasa, said to have been obtained during the churning of the ocean. Vinata lost and as per the condition of the wager, she was made a slave of Kadru. She could regain her freedom only if Garuda could obtain the nectar. Garuda succeeded in stealing it from heaven but not without a severe fight with Indra, its custodian. Indra recovered the nectar, but he was worsted in the fight and his thunderbolt was smashed in the broil. Garuda's son Jatayu once tried to fly up to the Sun in the sky. This burnt his wings and he fell down. He awaited his death till Rama took birth in a successive yuga, and after giving him details of Sita's abduction by Ravana and her whereabouts, left his body. His last rites were performed by Rama. Jatayu had been a friend of Rama's father, Dasharatha. The friendship began from the time Dasharatha went to the ecliptic to recover Sita from Sani (Saturn). His carriage was consumed by a glance from Saturn but Jatayu caught the falling king and saved him. (See Dowson, p. 135) Blavatsky considers Garuda as a symbol of the Great Cycle representing the periodic rejuvenation of the universe.

GHATIKA LAGNA The Ascendant in the Indian system of horoscopy which is expressed in relation with the daily sunrise and sunset time described in traditional time counts such as ghati, pala, etc. (See Time)

GAYATRI A sacred Mantra (q.v.) of the Rig Veda which is ascribed to Sage Vishwamitra. It is at one and the same time, a prayer, an invocation, and a mantra, a creative sound vibration. It consists of three parts, viz., Maha Vyahritis, Gayatri Mantra proper, and Gayatri Sirah. The first one refers to "Om bhuh, Om Bhuvah, Om Suvah, Om Mahah, Om Janah, Om Tapah, and Om Satyam." These are the seven spheres of existence. Gayatri Mantra alludes to "tat savitur varenyam bhargo devasya dhimahi dhiyo yo nah prachodayat." It means, We meditate upon the Divine Light of that adorable Sun of spiritual consciousness, which stimulates our power of spiritual perception. Gayatri Sirah consists of "Om apo jyoti raso 'mrtam Brahma bhur bhuvah suvar Om" meaning, Om is the Waters, Light, Essence, the Immortal Reality; the Physical, Intermediate and Heaven worlds is Om." A Brahmin is every aspirant seeking Truth, and Brahman, is enjoined to repeat the mantra during his morning, more importantly at dusk, and even during his midday meditations. Gayatri mantra is addressed to Aditya (q.v.), Savitri. Explaining the inner significance of this mantra, Dr. Rees states that Savitri forms an aspect of the Sun in the house, which Mercury rules on the Night-throne. Gayatri is a prayer for spiritual illumination. The mantra has 24 divisions, viz., Tat-Sa-Vi-Tur-Va-Re-Ni-Yam-Bhar-ghoh-De-Va-Sya-Dhi-Ma-Hi-Dhi-Yo-Yo-Nah-Pra-Cho-Da-Yat. These are said to be related with the 24 divisions of the soundboard of the veena, the musical instrument held by Saraswati (q.v.) who is said to be identical with Savitri. These are further associated with the 24 divisions of the path through the zodiac, and with the 24 vertebrae in the spinal column. The Gayatri mantra symbolises, according to Dr. Rees, the world of creation in its stages from midnight to morning, from morning to midday, from midday to evening, and from evening to midnight.

GEMINI Mithuna (sk). The 3rd sign of the zodiac which extends from 600 to 900 of the ecliptic. It consists of two bright stars, Castor and Pollux. They symbolise a twin. In Vedic astrology they represent a male and a female holding a mace and a harp in their hand. The sign is ruled by Mercury; it stands for divine creative energy activated by the polarisation of spirit and matter. Polarisation is an important feature of the sign. Gemini is an odd sign, classified as male by sex, hermaphrodite by temperament, airy by element, and fierce by nature. It is related with west direction. It is powerful during night. Its natural habitat is in gambling dens, pleasure haunts, and bedrooms. It imparts Mahat (q.v.), the thinking principle in its trine aspects. It activates both subjective and objective activities in its interactions. Blavatsky describes Gemini to be the stage corresponding to the ceasing of the androgynal union and the man evolving the woman out of himself as a separate entity. In Kala Purusha, the heavenly or the cosmic man, Gemini represents the neck, the upper portion of the chest and the shoulders. It stands for his courage, enthusiasm as well as the impediments and difficulties met on the evolutionary path. Gemini is considered as the bridge as well as the separating agent between spirit and matter. The synonyms of Gemini are Mithuna (the twin), Dwandwa (conflict, strife), Nriyugma (union of human kind), and such other terms pointing to the duality in life.

GEOCENTRIC SYSTEM The conception of the universe with Earth as its center. It is the system based on the pre-Galilean view of the stellar world. This unrealistic view is opposed to the Heliocentric System (q.v.) yet it does not much vitiate the validity of various astronomical coordinates, especially for their practical use. The present day Ephemeris's provide coordinates of stellar relationships as seen from Earth. With the knowledge of its limitations, the astrological findings do not need any adaptation and they do not lose their applicability.

GOCHARA The range of pasturage for grazing by the cattle; the transit or passage of a planet in relation with other planets during the course of their usual movement. At any moment of time, a planet's position is different from its natal position. This divergence requires to be taken into consideration for astrological predictions. This relationship with natal Moon, along with Sarvastaka Varga (q.v.) and astrological direction (q.v.) synchronized together indicate the precise nature of situation an individual may face due to any planetary influence.

GO-YOGA The planetary combination formed by exaltation of the lord of the ascendant, and strong Jupiter placed in its Mool Trikona (q.v.) in association with the lord of the 2nd house. It makes the individual hail from an elite family and bestows upon him happiness, attractive appearance, and high social standing.

GOLA-YOGA One of the Sankhya-yoga (q.v.). Persons born under it are poor, lazy, and idiots.

GOLAI VRITA Circumference.

GOLARDHA Hemisphere.

GRAHA Planets. In common parlance it refers to the effect of adverse planetary conjuncture.

GRAHA, POURA The nature of planets when they are in opposition to another planet. (See Graha Yudha)

GRAHAYUDHA [(Graha = planet) + (Yudha = fight) planetary warfare]. An astronomical phenomenon resulting from proximity between two planets. It affects their power to produce any result. The planets involved in this relationship are rendered unable to bestow their beneficence, and become inauspicious. Such a situation occurs when a planet other than Moon or the nodes (Rahu.or Ketu) is situated within 50 of the Sun. The planet so placed is considered Asthagatha or combust. When such a relationship takes place with Moon, it is known as Saniaagama, or combination. Any of the five nonluminaries within 50 of any other planet causes planetary warfare, or Graha yudiza, and one of the two involved in this relationship is said to be vanquished and the other is a victor. The victorious planet produces powerful auspicious effects, while the vanquished one becomes inauspicious. The house in which this phenomenon occurs is destroyed and the individual suffers throughout his life in respect to that Bhava (q.v.). There are five kinds of planetary warfare, viz., Bhedam, Ullekham, Amsumardhanam, Apasauyam, and Yuddham. Bhedain occurs when two planets are within 50 of each other though in different asterisms. When they are between 30 and 50 of each other located in the same asterism, they are in Ullekha yuddham. When such planets are within a distance of 10 to 30 of each other in the same asterism, the relationship is known as Amsumardlianam. If the planets are within one degree of the other, they are known as in Graha yuddham proper. If one of the two planets within 50 of each other is direct while the other is retrograde, they form Apasavya Yuddham. The effects of planetary warfare depends upon the conditions classified under Poura Graha, Akranta Graha, and Akrita or Yayee Graha. Poura Graha is a planet in a state of opposition to another. Akranta Graha is the overpowered, chased, or eclipsed planet. Akriti Graha is generally aggressive on the move. The Sun is Poura up to 11 a.m., Akranta at noon, and Akrita or feeble in the afternoon. Moon is always overpowered. Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn are always in opposition (Poura), while Mars, Venus, Rahu, and Ketu are always aggressive. The effect of Graha yuddha is conditioned by the mood of these planets as indicated above. A planet with earlier longitude is said to defeat the planet ahead of it. A planet in southern hemisphere is considered defeated. But Venus is always victorious. The planet with a fairly larger orb than the other becomes victorious. (See Brihat Samhita, Chap. XVII).

GRISMAKRANTI Also known as Dakshinayan Vibhu. Summer solistice. GULIKA An invisible point considered as a son of Saturn; Mandi (q.v.) is Saturn's another son. Gulika and Mandi are sometimes said to be the same but this view is not universally accepted. Both of these are theoretical satellites, Upagrahas (q.v.), but the methods for determining their positions are different. Gulika assumes that one-eighth of the day and the night is ruled by the seven rulers of the weekdays, while the remaining one-eighth portion is not assigned to any planet. Each ruler is assigned a number according to its sequence in the week, i.e., Sun (1), Moon (2), Mars (3), Mercury (4), Jupiter (5), Venus (6), and Saturn (7). The duration of the day, if the birth is in daytime, and of the night, if the birth is in night, when divided by would indicate the duration of their rulership. The first rulership belongs to the planet ruling the day. The subsequent portions will be ruled by planets in the sequence as in weekdays. The period belonging to Saturn is the period belonging to Gulika. In case, the birth is in night, the first portion of the night does not belong to the planet of the day; it is ruled by the planet relative to the fifth day from the first day. For example, the first planetary rulership for Wednesday night will belong to Sun, and consequently Saturn's portion on this day will be the 7th portion, which will be the time for Gulika. Gulika produces good results in ,the 3rd, 6th, and 11th houses in a natal chart; in the 10th house it makes the person religious and devoted to austerities. The longitude of Gulika is worked out as in the case of ascendant, depending upon the time of birth after sunrise.

GUNAS The three primeval emanations of the Supreme Spirit, Sachchidananda, known as Sattwa (pure harmony), Rajas (pure creative impulse), and Tamas (primeval darkness, or the state of ultimate dissolution). Esoterically, they correspond to Vishnu Brahma, and Shiva, respectively, though for common people Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva represent them. Together known as Trimurti or Trinity, they represent the three qualificative attributes of the universe. These are the basic attributes or qualities of the phenomenal existence. According to Sankhya doctrine, matter, Prakriti, is nothing but a condition of perfect equilibrium of the three attributes, known as Triguna-Samyavastha (harmonious balance of triplicity). Taimini explained the three attributes as different modes of motion. These modes, for want of better words, he calls (i) the vibration which involves rhythmic motion of particles, (ii) the mobility which involves non-rhythmic motion of particles with transference of energy, and (iii) the inertia which involves relative position of particles. The discovery of equivalence and interconvertibility of mass and energy will, according to him, ultimately reveal that the nucleus of an atom is also an expression of energy, and that the ultimate bases of the manifested physical universe is nothing but motion or energy. All properties can therefore be reduced to their simplest elements such as wave, motion or li ht (Prakasha), action (Kriya), and position (Sthiti), at least for the physical universe. Dr. Taimini concludes that these three are the ideas associated with the three Gunas or Attributes.
Among the planets, Sun, Jupiter, and Moon are considered Sattwic planets, representing self-formative, pure, quiescence and rhythmic motion in life's enfoldment. Mercury and Venus are Rajasic; they are involved with self-preservation, energizing action and desire. Saturn and Mars are Tamasic planets leading to a growth process, both physical and psychological, which ultimately leads to dissolution.

GURU Teacher (sk); he who dispels darkness and ignorance; Jupiter (q.v.).

GURU-CHANDALA YOGA A planetary combination relating Jupiter and Rahu. When these two planets are associated together in a house, it produces inauspicious results. It makes the individual depraved and inclined to indulge in socially and morally unethical activities.

B.A.Part II : Paper 1.15

Glossary of Astrology F


FEMININE SIGNS Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, and Pisces are feminine signs. Feminine asterisms are Krittika, Rohini, Mrigashirsha, Aridra, Punarvasu, Purva Phaiguni, Hastha, Chittra, Vishakha, Anuradha, Dhanistha, Shatbhisag, Uttara Bhadrapada and Revati. Feminine signs and asterisms are related with the material aspect of life as distinguished from the spiritual aspect of it. Among the planets, Moon, Venus, and Ketu are considered feminine; Mercury and Saturn are neutrals (or eunuchs). Feminine planets need active support of other planets to produce their inherent results. Feminine signs and asterisms as well as planets have their masculine counterparts, in whose association they prosper easily and harmoniously

FIERY SIGNS Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius are fiery signs. Sun and Mars are fiery planets. They show courage, strength, determination, aggression and confidence in oneself.

FIXED SIGNS Sthira Rasi (sk). Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius are fixed signs. These signs radiate deep acting impulses when planets are posited there, they make decisive impact on the life of the individual.

FIXED STARS Nakshatras (sk).

FOHAT A Tibetan term representing in the universe of manifestation the ever present electrical energy and nonstop destructive and formative power. It is analogous to the Vedic concept of Agni, fire. Agni, in the Vedas, is always represented in the double aspect of force and light. It is the divine power that builds up the worlds; it is a power that acts always with perfect knowledge; it knows all forms and activities of divine wisdom. Similarly, Fohat is said to be the universal propelling vital force, at once the propeller and the resultant. Often it is said to be equivalent to the Vedic Mool Prakriti, the primeval root for all cosmic manifestation. Theosophists use Fohat to represent the active male potency of Shakti (q.v.), the female reproductive power in nature. The energy expressed by Fohat becomes important in interpreting the deeper aspects of solar impulse.

FORTUNA, PARS A term (probably) of Arabian origin. It was known even to Ptolemy. It is an imaginary point in heaven yet considered sometimes powerful as the luminaries. Pars Fortuna is worked out by adding together the longitudes of Ascendant and the Moon, and subtracting from the total the longitude of Sun. The resultant is the longitude of Pars Fortuna. This concept itself may not be available in ancient Indian astrological texts, but the essential features of it were known to the astrologers. The identity of Pars Fortuna, in terms of Vedic astrology, can be established as follows: Paras Fortuna =A+M-S=F where A is the Ascendant, M is the longitude of Moon, S, the longitude of Sun, and where F is the longitude of Pars Fortuna. The equation can also be written as F=A+T because T = M - S, where T stands for Tithi, or a lunar day. In this way, Pars Fortuna becomes a point in the horoscope as distant from the ascendant as the Sun is from Moon, measured from the ascendant. Traditional Hindu astrology regards Moon as important as the ascendant. Tithi is assigned a functional role as a magnetic point well established in traditional Vedic astrology. Pars Fortuna, in airy signs, bestows fame through literary or artistic activities. In earthy signs, it makes the individual laborious: in Taurus, it makes him work on fine arts; in Virgo, as a chemist or a printer; and in Capricorns, in medical profession. In watery signs, Pars Fortuna gives birth to successful occultists; and in fiery signs, the individuals become leaders and pioneers in different spheres of life. The results of Pars Fortuna in different houses are as follows: 1st House: Desire for self-expression and recognition of one's merit. 2nd House: Desire for power and domination over others. 3rd House: The person becomes a thinker. 4th House: Pleasant domestic environment. 5th House: Enterprising and meritorious offspring. . 6th House: Impatience and lack of self-control. 7th House: Happy married life. 8th House: Strained financial fortune. 9th House: Spiritual temperament. 10th House: The individual attains high official status. 11th House: Helpful and supportive friends and social circle. 12th House: Depression and frustration in mundane activities.

FRIENDSHIP, PLANETARY Planetary friendship is of three kinds, viz., inherent, temporary, and aggregative. The first one depends upon the basic qualities of the planets, the second on their mutual relationships in the horoscope, while the third depends upon the resulting relationships emerging from the first two kinds and determining their aggregative strength. Planets according to Sage Satyacharya, are inherently friendly with the lords of 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th, and 12th signs from their Mulatrikona (q.v.) or Trine houses, besides the lords of their exaltation signs. Any planet occupying 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, or 11th houses from it becomes its temporary friends. If a planet is situated along with another in any house, or if there is a planet in the 5 th, 6 th, 7th, 8 th, or 9th houses from it, such planets are treated as its temporary enemies. Aggregative relationship is classified under five categories, viz., very friendly, friendly, neutral, inimical, and very inimical. If two planets are friendly according to both the methods of classification, they are considered to be very friendly. If under one classification a planet is friendly with another but in the next becomes neutral, the two will be treated as only friendly. If according to one they are friendly, but inimical according to the other, they will be treated as neutrals. In case two planets are neutral according to one classification whereas under the next set of conditions they become enemies, they will be reckoned as enemies. If under both sets of conditions, two planets are neutral according to one classification whereas under the next set of conditions they become enemies, they will be reckoned as enemies. If under both sets of conditions, two planets are found to be unfriendly, they will be treated as very inimical. The, following table shows the generally accepted inherent or natural interplanetary relationships of friendship. Table 4: Inherent Friendship between Planets Planets Friends Neutrals Enemies SunMoon, Mars JupiterMercury Saturn, Venus Moon Sun, MercuryMars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn--- MercurySun, Venus Mars, Jupiter, SaturnMoon VenusMercury; SaturnMars, JupiterSun, Moon Mars Sun, Moon, JupiterVenus, SaturnMercury JupiterMoon, Mars, SunSaturn Mercury SaturnMercury, Venus JupiterSun, Moon, Mars

BA PART II : PAPER 1.13

Glossary of Astrology E


EARTHY SIGNS
Zodiacal signs related with Earth element. These are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn.

EASARAPH Also known as Musarifa. A term used in Horary Astrology. It refers to a planetary combination involving two swift moving planets in which the fast moving one has overtaken the slow moving one. If the forward planet is a benefic, final success, or fruition of the action is likely a malefic overtaking. A benefic will frustrate the efforts of the individual. If both the planets are malefic, the result will be inauspicious.

ECLIPSES The obscuration of the light of Sun by the intervention of Moon in between it and Earth is known as Solar Eclipse. Two solar eclipses must be visible every year in some part of the earth, the maximum number of it may go up to five. For a solar eclipse to occur, the New Moon must be very close to a node of Moon. Total solar eclipse occurs when the surface of Sun is completely obscured by Moon, but it is not very common. The track of total eclipse never exceeds 268.7 km in width, and the never lasts more than 8 minutes. The obscuration of the light of Moon by the intervention of Earth in between it and Sun is known as Lunar Eclipse. Under its impact Moon becomes dim until it passes out of the shadow. Moon does not completely vanish, as the shadow of Earth does not completely preclude Sun's light from falling on it, due to the refraction of Sun's rays on it by Earth's atmospheric mantle. A lunar eclipse can be total or partial. Its duration can be no longer than 3 hours 40 minutes, the totality occurring only for 1 hour 40 minutes. The significance of eclipses is great in mundane astrology. The Tantrics and black magicians make special preparations during such eclipses for fulfilling their special occult objectives and for the preparations of their special charms.

ECLIPTIC The Great Circle formed by the intersection of the plane of Earth's orbit around Sun. It is the apparent path of Sun in the sky during the course of a year, In the geocentric system, which is generally adopted in all astronomical (and astrological) studies, this path is inclined to the Celestial Equator at an angle of 230 27. The inclination changes imperceptibly and is related to a cycle of 26,000 years. This variation, which is in between 210 59' and 240 36' is known as the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. All planets, constellations of the zodiac, and asterisms move, more or less, within a region of 80 on both sides of the solar trajectory making the total width of approximately 160 around the ecliptic for their annual movement. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect at two points, viz., points of spring, or vernal, and autumnal equinoxes. These points are relevant for determining the precession of equinoxes on the basis of which the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiacs is worked out.

EGO Self; the unified triad comprising Atma Buddhi Manas, or the duad formed by Atma Buddhi. The immortal part of man which reincarnates as man-I am I, or the feeling of I am ship. Esoteric philosophy teaches the existence of two Egos in man, the mortal, or the physical, and the Higher, or the Divine and Impersonal, calling the former 'personality' and the latter 'individuality'.

EKAWALI YOGA The planetary combination in which all planets occupy different houses in a sequential manner. It makes the individual an emperor.

ELEMENTS See Tattwas.

EQUATION OF TIME

The difference between true and mean time at any given moment. This difference arises due to Sun not always crossing the Meridian at 12 o' clock by watch. The time by watch is regulated by mean solar time, which is constant in length, and is equal to the annual mean of the true solar days. In working out a natal chart for predictive purpose, the true position of the planets is taken into account. It needs readjustment of the mean time on the basis of the equation of time to arrive at the true time. The ephemeris generally indicates the different true and mean midday times, which determine the equation of time. True solar time is worked out on the basis of this equation.

EQUINOCTIAL POINT

Sampat Bindu (sk); the points of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic. Each point refers to the Sun's crossing of the celestial equator, and is known as Equinox. On this day, night and day are equal all over the world. One of these is known as the Vernal Equinox, which occurs around 21 March every year, and the other as Autumnal Equinox, which occurs around 21 September. Astrologically, Sun's rays acquire a positive impulse after vernal equinox and auspicious activities can be fruitfully initiated and beneficial results expected.

BA PART II : PAPER 1.14

dws
Glossary of Astrology E


EARTHY SIGNS
Zodiacal signs related with Earth element. These are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn.

EASARAPH Also known as Musarifa. A term used in Horary Astrology. It refers to a planetary combination involving two swift moving planets in which the fast moving one has overtaken the slow moving one. If the forward planet is a benefic, final success, or fruition of the action is likely a malefic overtaking. A benefic will frustrate the efforts of the individual. If both the planets are malefic, the result will be inauspicious.

ECLIPSES The obscuration of the light of Sun by the intervention of Moon in between it and Earth is known as Solar Eclipse. Two solar eclipses must be visible every year in some part of the earth, the maximum number of it may go up to five. For a solar eclipse to occur, the New Moon must be very close to a node of Moon. Total solar eclipse occurs when the surface of Sun is completely obscured by Moon, but it is not very common. The track of total eclipse never exceeds 268.7 km in width, and the never lasts more than 8 minutes. The obscuration of the light of Moon by the intervention of Earth in between it and Sun is known as Lunar Eclipse. Under its impact Moon becomes dim until it passes out of the shadow. Moon does not completely vanish, as the shadow of Earth does not completely preclude Sun's light from falling on it, due to the refraction of Sun's rays on it by Earth's atmospheric mantle. A lunar eclipse can be total or partial. Its duration can be no longer than 3 hours 40 minutes, the totality occurring only for 1 hour 40 minutes. The significance of eclipses is great in mundane astrology. The Tantrics and black magicians make special preparations during such eclipses for fulfilling their special occult objectives and for the preparations of their special charms.

ECLIPTIC The Great Circle formed by the intersection of the plane of Earth's orbit around Sun. It is the apparent path of Sun in the sky during the course of a year, In the geocentric system, which is generally adopted in all astronomical (and astrological) studies, this path is inclined to the Celestial Equator at an angle of 230 27. The inclination changes imperceptibly and is related to a cycle of 26,000 years. This variation, which is in between 210 59' and 240 36' is known as the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. All planets, constellations of the zodiac, and asterisms move, more or less, within a region of 80 on both sides of the solar trajectory making the total width of approximately 160 around the ecliptic for their annual movement. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect at two points, viz., points of spring, or vernal, and autumnal equinoxes. These points are relevant for determining the precession of equinoxes on the basis of which the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiacs is worked out.

EGO Self; the unified triad comprising Atma Buddhi Manas, or the duad formed by Atma Buddhi. The immortal part of man which reincarnates as man-I am I, or the feeling of I am ship. Esoteric philosophy teaches the existence of two Egos in man, the mortal, or the physical, and the Higher, or the Divine and Impersonal, calling the former 'personality' and the latter 'individuality'.

EKAWALI YOGA The planetary combination in which all planets occupy different houses in a sequential manner. It makes the individual an emperor.

ELEMENTS See Tattwas.

EQUATION OF TIME

The difference between true and mean time at any given moment. This difference arises due to Sun not always crossing the Meridian at 12 o' clock by watch. The time by watch is regulated by mean solar time, which is constant in length, and is equal to the annual mean of the true solar days. In working out a natal chart for predictive purpose, the true position of the planets is taken into account. It needs readjustment of the mean time on the basis of the equation of time to arrive at the true time. The ephemeris generally indicates the different true and mean midday times, which determine the equation of time. True solar time is worked out on the basis of this equation.

EQUINOCTIAL POINT

Sampat Bindu (sk); the points of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic. Each point refers to the Sun's crossing of the celestial equator, and is known as Equinox. On this day, night and day are equal all over the world. One of these is known as the Vernal Equinox, which occurs around 21 March every year, and the other as Autumnal Equinox, which occurs around 21 September. Astrologically, Sun's rays acquire a positive impulse after vernal equinox and auspicious activities can be fruitfully initiated and beneficial results expected.

BA PART II : PAPER 1.13

Glossary of Astrology E


EARTHY SIGNS
Zodiacal signs related with Earth element. These are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn.

EASARAPH Also known as Musarifa. A term used in Horary Astrology. It refers to a planetary combination involving two swift moving planets in which the fast moving one has overtaken the slow moving one. If the forward planet is a benefic, final success, or fruition of the action is likely a malefic overtaking. A benefic will frustrate the efforts of the individual. If both the planets are malefic, the result will be inauspicious.

ECLIPSES The obscuration of the light of Sun by the intervention of Moon in between it and Earth is known as Solar Eclipse. Two solar eclipses must be visible every year in some part of the earth, the maximum number of it may go up to five. For a solar eclipse to occur, the New Moon must be very close to a node of Moon. Total solar eclipse occurs when the surface of Sun is completely obscured by Moon, but it is not very common. The track of total eclipse never exceeds 268.7 km in width, and the never lasts more than 8 minutes. The obscuration of the light of Moon by the intervention of Earth in between it and Sun is known as Lunar Eclipse. Under its impact Moon becomes dim until it passes out of the shadow. Moon does not completely vanish, as the shadow of Earth does not completely preclude Sun's light from falling on it, due to the refraction of Sun's rays on it by Earth's atmospheric mantle. A lunar eclipse can be total or partial. Its duration can be no longer than 3 hours 40 minutes, the totality occurring only for 1 hour 40 minutes. The significance of eclipses is great in mundane astrology. The Tantrics and black magicians make special preparations during such eclipses for fulfilling their special occult objectives and for the preparations of their special charms.

ECLIPTIC The Great Circle formed by the intersection of the plane of Earth's orbit around Sun. It is the apparent path of Sun in the sky during the course of a year, In the geocentric system, which is generally adopted in all astronomical (and astrological) studies, this path is inclined to the Celestial Equator at an angle of 230 27. The inclination changes imperceptibly and is related to a cycle of 26,000 years. This variation, which is in between 210 59' and 240 36' is known as the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. All planets, constellations of the zodiac, and asterisms move, more or less, within a region of 80 on both sides of the solar trajectory making the total width of approximately 160 around the ecliptic for their annual movement. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect at two points, viz., points of spring, or vernal, and autumnal equinoxes. These points are relevant for determining the precession of equinoxes on the basis of which the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiacs is worked out.

EGO Self; the unified triad comprising Atma Buddhi Manas, or the duad formed by Atma Buddhi. The immortal part of man which reincarnates as man-I am I, or the feeling of I am ship. Esoteric philosophy teaches the existence of two Egos in man, the mortal, or the physical, and the Higher, or the Divine and Impersonal, calling the former 'personality' and the latter 'individuality'.

EKAWALI YOGA The planetary combination in which all planets occupy different houses in a sequential manner. It makes the individual an emperor.

ELEMENTS See Tattwas.

EQUATION OF TIME

The difference between true and mean time at any given moment. This difference arises due to Sun not always crossing the Meridian at 12 o' clock by watch. The time by watch is regulated by mean solar time, which is constant in length, and is equal to the annual mean of the true solar days. In working out a natal chart for predictive purpose, the true position of the planets is taken into account. It needs readjustment of the mean time on the basis of the equation of time to arrive at the true time. The ephemeris generally indicates the different true and mean midday times, which determine the equation of time. True solar time is worked out on the basis of this equation.

EQUINOCTIAL POINT

Sampat Bindu (sk); the points of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic. Each point refers to the Sun's crossing of the celestial equator, and is known as Equinox. On this day, night and day are equal all over the world. One of these is known as the Vernal Equinox, which occurs around 21 March every year, and the other as Autumnal Equinox, which occurs around 21 September. Astrologically, Sun's rays acquire a positive impulse after vernal equinox and auspicious activities can be fruitfully initiated and beneficial results expected.

BA PART II : PAPER 1.13

Glossary of Astrology E


EARTHY SIGNS
Zodiacal signs related with Earth element. These are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn.

EASARAPH Also known as Musarifa. A term used in Horary Astrology. It refers to a planetary combination involving two swift moving planets in which the fast moving one has overtaken the slow moving one. If the forward planet is a benefic, final success, or fruition of the action is likely a malefic overtaking. A benefic will frustrate the efforts of the individual. If both the planets are malefic, the result will be inauspicious.

ECLIPSES The obscuration of the light of Sun by the intervention of Moon in between it and Earth is known as Solar Eclipse. Two solar eclipses must be visible every year in some part of the earth, the maximum number of it may go up to five. For a solar eclipse to occur, the New Moon must be very close to a node of Moon. Total solar eclipse occurs when the surface of Sun is completely obscured by Moon, but it is not very common. The track of total eclipse never exceeds 268.7 km in width, and the never lasts more than 8 minutes. The obscuration of the light of Moon by the intervention of Earth in between it and Sun is known as Lunar Eclipse. Under its impact Moon becomes dim until it passes out of the shadow. Moon does not completely vanish, as the shadow of Earth does not completely preclude Sun's light from falling on it, due to the refraction of Sun's rays on it by Earth's atmospheric mantle. A lunar eclipse can be total or partial. Its duration can be no longer than 3 hours 40 minutes, the totality occurring only for 1 hour 40 minutes. The significance of eclipses is great in mundane astrology. The Tantrics and black magicians make special preparations during such eclipses for fulfilling their special occult objectives and for the preparations of their special charms.

ECLIPTIC The Great Circle formed by the intersection of the plane of Earth's orbit around Sun. It is the apparent path of Sun in the sky during the course of a year, In the geocentric system, which is generally adopted in all astronomical (and astrological) studies, this path is inclined to the Celestial Equator at an angle of 230 27. The inclination changes imperceptibly and is related to a cycle of 26,000 years. This variation, which is in between 210 59' and 240 36' is known as the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. All planets, constellations of the zodiac, and asterisms move, more or less, within a region of 80 on both sides of the solar trajectory making the total width of approximately 160 around the ecliptic for their annual movement. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect at two points, viz., points of spring, or vernal, and autumnal equinoxes. These points are relevant for determining the precession of equinoxes on the basis of which the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiacs is worked out.

EGO Self; the unified triad comprising Atma Buddhi Manas, or the duad formed by Atma Buddhi. The immortal part of man which reincarnates as man-I am I, or the feeling of I am ship. Esoteric philosophy teaches the existence of two Egos in man, the mortal, or the physical, and the Higher, or the Divine and Impersonal, calling the former 'personality' and the latter 'individuality'.

EKAWALI YOGA The planetary combination in which all planets occupy different houses in a sequential manner. It makes the individual an emperor.

ELEMENTS See Tattwas.

EQUATION OF TIME

The difference between true and mean time at any given moment. This difference arises due to Sun not always crossing the Meridian at 12 o' clock by watch. The time by watch is regulated by mean solar time, which is constant in length, and is equal to the annual mean of the true solar days. In working out a natal chart for predictive purpose, the true position of the planets is taken into account. It needs readjustment of the mean time on the basis of the equation of time to arrive at the true time. The ephemeris generally indicates the different true and mean midday times, which determine the equation of time. True solar time is worked out on the basis of this equation.

EQUINOCTIAL POINT

Sampat Bindu (sk); the points of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic. Each point refers to the Sun's crossing of the celestial equator, and is known as Equinox. On this day, night and day are equal all over the world. One of these is known as the Vernal Equinox, which occurs around 21 March every year, and the other as Autumnal Equinox, which occurs around 21 September. Astrologically, Sun's rays acquire a positive impulse after vernal equinox and auspicious activities can be fruitfully initiated and beneficial results expected.

Glossary of Astrology F


FEMININE SIGNS

Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, and Pisces are feminine signs. Feminine asterisms are Krittika, Rohini, Mrigashirsha, Aridra, Punarvasu, Purva Phaiguni, Hastha, Chittra, Vishakha, Anuradha, Dhanistha, Shatbhisag, Uttara Bhadrapada and Revati. Feminine signs and asterisms are related with the material aspect of life as distinguished from the spiritual aspect of it. Among the planets, Moon, Venus, and Ketu are considered feminine; Mercury and Saturn are neutrals (or eunuchs). Feminine planets need active support of other planets to produce their inherent results. Feminine signs and asterisms as well as planets have their masculine counterparts, in whose association they prosper easily and harmoniously

FIERY SIGNS Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius are fiery signs. Sun and Mars are fiery planets. They show courage, strength, determination, aggression and confidence in oneself.

FIXED SIGNS Sthira Rasi (sk). Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius are fixed signs. These signs radiate deep acting impulses when planets are posited there, they make decisive impact on the life of the individual.

FIXED STARS Nakshatras (sk).

FOHAT A Tibetan term representing in the universe of manifestation the ever present electrical energy and nonstop destructive and formative power. It is analogous to the Vedic concept of Agni, fire. Agni, in the Vedas, is always represented in the double aspect of force and light. It is the divine power that builds up the worlds; it is a power that acts always with perfect knowledge; it knows all forms and activities of divine wisdom. Similarly, Fohat is said to be the universal propelling vital force, at once the propeller and the resultant. Often it is said to be equivalent to the Vedic Mool Prakriti, the primeval root for all cosmic manifestation. Theosophists use Fohat to represent the active male potency of Shakti (q.v.), the female reproductive power in nature. The energy expressed by Fohat becomes important in interpreting the deeper aspects of solar impulse.

FORTUNA, PARS A term (probably) of Arabian origin. It was known even to Ptolemy. It is an imaginary point in heaven yet considered sometimes powerful as the luminaries. Pars Fortuna is worked out by adding together the longitudes of Ascendant and the Moon, and subtracting from the total the longitude of Sun. The resultant is the longitude of Pars Fortuna. This concept itself may not be available in ancient Indian astrological texts, but the essential features of it were known to the astrologers. The identity of Pars Fortuna, in terms of Vedic astrology, can be established as follows: Paras Fortuna =A+M-S=F where A is the Ascendant, M is the longitude of Moon, S, the longitude of Sun, and where F is the longitude of Pars Fortuna. The equation can also be written as F=A+T because T = M - S, where T stands for Tithi, or a lunar day. In this way, Pars Fortuna becomes a point in the horoscope as distant from the ascendant as the Sun is from Moon, measured from the ascendant. Traditional Hindu astrology regards Moon as important as the ascendant. Tithi is assigned a functional role as a magnetic point well established in traditional Vedic astrology. Pars Fortuna, in airy signs, bestows fame through literary or artistic activities. In earthy signs, it makes the individual laborious: in Taurus, it makes him work on fine arts; in Virgo, as a chemist or a printer; and in Capricorns, in medical profession. In watery signs, Pars Fortuna gives birth to successful occultists; and in fiery signs, the individuals become leaders and pioneers in different spheres of life. The results of Pars Fortuna in different houses are as follows: 1st House: Desire for self-expression and recognition of one's merit. 2nd House: Desire for power and domination over others. 3rd House: The person becomes a thinker. 4th House: Pleasant domestic environment. 5th House: Enterprising and meritorious offspring. . 6th House: Impatience and lack of self-control. 7th House: Happy married life. 8th House: Strained financial fortune. 9th House: Spiritual temperament. 10th House: The individual attains high official status. 11th House: Helpful and supportive friends and social circle. 12th House: Depression and frustration in mundane activities. FRIENDSHIP, PLANETARY Planetary friendship is of three kinds, viz., inherent, temporary, and aggregative. The first one depends upon the basic qualities of the planets, the second on their mutual relationships in the horoscope, while the third depends upon the resulting relationships emerging from the first two kinds and determining their aggregative strength. Planets according to Sage Satyacharya, are inherently friendly with the lords of 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th, and 12th signs from their Mulatrikona (q.v.) or Trine houses, besides the lords of their exaltation signs. Any planet occupying 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, or 11th houses from it becomes its temporary friends. If a planet is situated along with another in any house, or if there is a planet in the 5 th, 6 th, 7th, 8 th, or 9th houses from it, such planets are treated as its temporary enemies. Aggregative relationship is classified under five categories, viz., very friendly, friendly, neutral, inimical, and very inimical. If two planets are friendly according to both the methods of classification, they are considered to be very friendly. If under one classification a planet is friendly with another but in the next becomes neutral, the two will be treated as only friendly. If according to one they are friendly, but inimical according to the other, they will be treated as neutrals. In case two planets are neutral according to one classification whereas under the next set of conditions they become enemies, they will be reckoned as enemies. If under both sets of conditions, two planets are neutral according to one classification whereas under the next set of conditions they become enemies, they will be reckoned as enemies. If under both sets of conditions, two planets are found to be unfriendly, they will be treated as very inimical. The, following table shows the generally accepted inherent or natural interplanetary relationships of friendship. Table 4: Inherent Friendship between Planets Planets Friends Neutrals Enemies SunMoon, Mars JupiterMercury Saturn, Venus Moon Sun, MercuryMars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn--- MercurySun, Venus Mars, Jupiter, SaturnMoon VenusMercury; SaturnMars, JupiterSun, Moon Mars Sun, Moon, JupiterVenus, SaturnMercury JupiterMoon, Mars, SunSaturn Mercury SaturnMercury, Venus JupiterSun, Moon, Mars
N.B. The friendly relations of Rahu and Ketu are not included in the table. Some texts mention Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn to be their friends.

BA PART II : PAPER 1.12

Glossary of Astrology D




DAITYAS
Titans; Descendants of Diti, a daughter of Daksha, and Kashyapa, a Prajapati (q.v.) and grandson of Brahma. Daityas were a race of demons and giants who lived in Sutala, which according to the legends, is one of the 14 lokas (q.v.). They were gigantic in form and were moved by intense sensual passion. Yet they were greatly devoted to their deities, followed Vedic rituals, undertook severe penance, and offered incredible offerings to them. Hiranyakashipu, Prahalad, Ravana, Sishupala, Virochana and Bali were some renowned daityas. Very often, the daityas were at war against the gods and interfered with their religious ceremonies; they were often victorious and the gods had to invoke divine dispensation to wrest back power. The daityas cooperated with the gods in churning the ocean to obtain the nectar from it, but the gods did not wish to share it with them. Rahu and Ketu (q.v.) surreptitiously mingled with the gods and partook a bit of it, which made them immortal. Esoterically, daityas represent resistance to spiritual forces; they enable externalization of latent faculties. In this way, they represent the opposing power required to maintain natural equilibrium and harmony. Demon est deus inverses (Daityas are gods inverted). According to Blavatsky, the daityas are demons in an adverse sense; in truth, they are identical with certain asuras (q.v.) the intellectual gods and opponents of meaningless rituals. They are antagonizing, blind forces in nature, expressed as reaction, opposition, and contrast, evil for some, good for others. Psychologically, they play an important role in discovering the concealed psychological weaknesses of neophytes before they qualify for Initiation (q.v.) in hidden mysteries.

DAKSHA Able; competent; intelligent; skilled. The Puranic being who represents creative power, a form of Brahma. He is described in detail, in almost every religious treatise in India. These descriptions often elude the readers unless the esoteric references are well understood. The Rig Veda makes Daksha spring from Aditi (q.v.) and Aditi from Daksha. To ' explain it, Roth made Aditi as eternity, and Daksha represented the spiritual power, the male energy which generates gods in eternity.The Shatapatha Brahmana identifies Daksha with Prajapati, the creator. He is considered to be a son of Brahma, one of the mind born offsprings, and is regarded as their chief. On another occasion, he is regarded to be a son of Aditi, one of the Adityas (q.v.) and also reckoned among the Vishwadevas (q.v.). The Mahabharata makes Daksha spring from the right thumb of Brahma, and his wife from his left. Almost every Purana gives important status to Daksha in human evolution. The names of his wife are variously given, e.g., Prasuti, who was a daughter of Priyavrata, and granddaughter of Manu. Daksha married Virini when he took birth as a son of Prachetasa and Marishi; Asikni, a daughter of Panchjanya, is also said to be his wife, from whom he produced 10,000 sons. From Prasuti, Daksha had, according to various statements, 25, 50, or 60 daughters, the last being the most extensively held view. Of these, ten married Dharma, thirteen Kashyapa, from whom were born gods, demons, men, birds, serpents, and all living beings. Twenty-seven of Daksha's daughters were married to Soma, Moon, and these became the asterisms (q.v.). One of the daughters of Daksha, Sati, was married to Shiva who immolated herself at her father's yajna when due honor was not accorded to her husband, and this led to a catastrophe and Daksha's head was severed and thrown into the fire, but later replaced by that of a ram. The other daughters of Daksha were married to Aristnemi, Bhrigu's son Venus, Krishashva, and Angira. In another Manvantara, when Daksha was born as a son to Prachetasa, he had seven sons, viz., Krodha (anger), Tamas (sloth, inertia), Dama (self control), Vikriti (distortion), Angiras (a Vedic sage), Kardama (sin), and Ashwa (a horse, a horse like human race, and the number seven). According to Blavatsky, the various stories about Daksha make him a personification of creative forces acting on all planes. He has spiritual power and, according to her, a male form of energy that generates gods in eternity.

DAKSHINA SAMPATA Autumn equinox.

DAKSHINAMURTI An aspect of Shiva. A mystic functionary situated, according to legends, around the Tropic of Capricorn, and guiding the influx of spiritual forces to earth. The nodes of Moon are said to be intimately connected with him.

DAKSHINAYANA The beginning of the southward sojourn of Sun after the summer solstice.

DAM YOGA See Sankhya Yoga. It makes the individual sharp witted, rich, and renowned.

DAMARU A small hour glass shaped drum like musical instrument which produces sound when twisted by the wrist. Two strings are attached to its middle, which, when shaken, strike at both the ends producing sound. A damaru is generally held by Kapalikas, the mendicants who hold a skull in their hand; the jugglers make use of it to make captive monkeys and bears dance to its rhythm. Its religious significance arises from the belief that Lord Shiva holds a damaru in one of his hands. In this context the damaru symbolizes time and rhythmical cosmic movement to its musical accompaniment. A damaru represents many aspects of Cosmo genesis: sound released from void makes manifestation possible; polarization of a point leads to duality, involution and evolution, subjective and objective manifestation, in the direction above and below. The polarization further leads to triangularisation, making trinity to emerge and thenceforth further creative impulses are generated.

DANAVA Demons.

DANDA YOGA An auspicious planetary combination formed in several ways. If Venus aspects Jupiter placed in the 3rd house, while the lord of the 3rd is in exaltation, Danda Yoga is formed. Alternatively, it takes place when all planets are placed only in Gemini, Cancer, Virgo, Sagittarius and Pisces signs. Danda Yoga makes a person respected, very rich, an able administrator, and a pious person. An inauspicious combination under the name is formed when all planets occupy only the 10th, 11th, and 12th houses; it makes the individual depraved, dependent on others for livelihood, and discarded by his kith and kin.

DARIDRA YOGA Planetary combination producing indigence and personal infirmities. Many such combinations are given in astrological texts. Some of the important ones are mentioned below: (i) Jupiter as lord of the 8th house or the 1st house exceeds the strength of the lord of the 9th house, and the lord of the 11th house is neither placed in a cardinal house nor is combust. (ii) Debilitated and combust Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, or Mercury occupies the 11th, 6th, 12th, 8th or the 5th Bhava. (iii) Saturn in 9th house aspected by malefic planet(s) while Mercury is associated with the Sun and occupies the Ascendant and has Pisces Navamsa. (iv) Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Saturn, and Mars occupy in any order 8th, 6th, 12th, 5th, and 10th Bhavas, and the lord of the 12th house, weakened by Sun's aspect, has greater strength than the Ascendant lord. (v) Depressed Venus, Jupiter, Moon, and Mars occupy any four of the 1st, 10st, 11th, 6th, 7th , and 8th Bhavas. (vi) Venus in Ascendant in its debilitation sign, while Jupiter, Mars, and Moon are also in debilitation. (vii) The ascendant is in a cardinal sip, while the rising Navamsa is aspected by Saturn and depressed Jupiter. (viii) In the above combination (No. vii) even if Jupiter is in the 6th or the 8th Bhava in a sign not belonging to itself, the same result follows. (ix) Ascendant in a fixed sign, malefic in cardinal and trine houses in strength, and angles devoid of benefices make the individual to subsist on alms. (x) Night time birth, ascendant in a cardinal sign, weak benefices occupy angles and trine, and malefic not in cardinal houses will make the individual absolutely poor. (xi) Debilitated malefic will make the individual indulge in unethical acts, but debilitated benefices will succeed in keeping his sins concealed; Jupiter for Aries ascendant posited in the 10th house, or Mars for Pisces in the 5th will make the individual lead a disgraceful life Persons born in Daridra Yoga suffer deprivations of different intensities and meet unlucky and trying conditions of life. Their sorrows arise not only from indigence; their organs may be defective, their nature may be crafty, their speech unpleasant and they may be addicted to lust and gluttony. They earn by foul means. Their social life is dishonourable. They meet unexpected failures in life.

DARSHAN Sight; understanding; intellectual insight; a system of philosophy. Six systems of Indian philosophy, or Shad Darshan. These are based on the assumption that nothing comes out of nothing ex nihilo nihil fit so there is a beginning, and all have one and the same ultimate destiny, the emancipation of the soul from future births and existence, and its absorption into the Supreme Soul. The Shad Darhsan reaches these conclusions through different paths of intellectual enquiries, viz., Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Sankhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, and Uttar Mimamsa. Nyaya, associated with Vatsyayana, is a system founded by Gautam. The word Nyaya means propriety, justice, appropriateness of conclusions. The school under this name is also called the Logical School. It refers more to the appropriateness of methodology rather than to its subject matter. It is also said to represent the sensational aspect of Hindu philosophy, because it has more pointed regard to the five senses than the other systems have and treats these external manifestations more frankly as a solid reality. Dowson considers it as the esoteric school, as the Vedanta is the esoteric. It aims to establish the nature of the Absolute, purely based on logic and reasoning. Vaiseshika was founded by Sage Kanada. He was a contemporary of Gautam. This school is supplementary to Nyaya. The two are often classed together. It assumes fewer predicables of the Absolute and lays special emphasis on specialities (Vishesa, the term to which the system owes its name, means special). It bases its approach to the Ultimate on the atomic theory of the universe. It teaches the existence of a transient world composed of aggregation of eternal atoms, an endless number of souls, and a fixed number of material principles. Their correlation and interaction of primordial cosmic evolutions take place without any directing force. They operate by a mechanical law inherent in the atom. It is a very materialistic approach to the manifest existence, yet it recognizes a Supreme Being. Sankhya, literally 'relating to number', is based on the teachings of Sage Kapila. It discourses on numerical categories and the 25 tattwas representing the forces of nature in various degrees. It explains the integration of 24 elements with Purusha, the Spirit, modified by the three gunas, viz., sattwa, rajas, and tamas; teaching the eternity of Pradhana, primordial homogeneous matter; the self transformation of nature; and the eternity of human Egos. Sankhya and Yoga are often classed together, but Sankhya seems atheistical while Yoga is manifestly theistical. Sankhya's chief goal is to establish the way to final emancipation which can be accomplished by release from the attributes and tattwas leading to the emancipation of Purusha or Soul from the fetters of phenomenal existence. A true understanding of the relationship between Purusha and Pradhana leads to the release. Yoga, popularly associated with Patanjali, is the doctrine which owes its origin to still an earlier sage, Yajnavalkya, the writer of Satpatha Brahmana of Yajur Veda, the Brihad Aranyaka, and other famous works. Yoga aims at unification of an individual with the Supreme Spirit and at control of the modification of the mind in order to attain self realisation. It lays down the eightfold path to the final attainment of Nirvikalpa Satiiadhi, when the separation of the individual is eliminated and the yogi realizes his identity and merges in the Supreme. Tremendous psychic powers are attained during this unfolding, or self-realization. Purva Minimamsa was founded by Jaimini and Uttara Minimamsa is associated with Bhadrayana Vyasa. Uttara Mimamsa is also called Vedanta, whose most prominent apostle was Sankaracharya. The term Vedanta means the end, or goal, of the Vedas. Minimamsa means deep reflection, inquiry, investigation. The object of both these schools of philosophy is to teach the art of reasoning with the express purpose of aiding the interpretation of the Vedas, not only of the speculative but also of its practical portion. The principal doctrines of Vedanta are that God is the omniscient and omnipotent cause of existence, continuance and dissolution of the universe. Creation is an act of his will, and he is both the efficient and the material cause of the world. On consummation, all beings and things merge into him. He is the sole existent and universal soul, and besides him there is no second principle; he is adwaita, without a second. An important contribution, of Vedanta is the doctrine of Avidya, the Mayavic illusion, which blinds one to the reality of the Supreme Self.

DASA Also known as planetary direction. It refers to the system according to which planetary ruler ship at any specific period of one's life is worked out. It shows the time when effective results of any planet, according to its natal position, can be experienced. Parashara enumerated 42 such dasas. The specific system applicable to any horoscope depends upon special planetary combinations in the chart. The basic consideration in all these systems is Moon's natal position in an asterism. On this basis the cyclical order of the periodicity of planetary ruler ship is worked out. Each planet is assigned a certain number of years for its ruler ship, and this number differs from one system to another. The following are some of the extensively used systems: (i) Vimshottri: It has a total of 120 years, of which Sun is assigned 6 years; Moon, 10 years; Mars, 7 years; Rahu, 18 years; Jupiter, 16 years; Saturn, 19 years; Mercury, 17 years; Ketu, 7 years; and Venus, 20 years. This planetary sequence is adhered to in the system. The first dasa is of Ketu when Moon occupies the very beginning of the first asterism, viz., Ashwini. (ii) Ashtottri: It has a total duration of 108 years. In this system, Sun has a duration of 6 years; Moon, 5 years; Mars, 8 years; Mercury, 17 years; Saturn, 10 years; Jupiter, 19 years; Rahu, 12 years; and Venus, 21 years. There is no rulership for Ketu under this system. (iii) Shodashottri: It has a complete planetary chain of 116 years. (iv) Dwadashottri system has a total of 112 years. (v) Panchottri has a complete cycle of 105 years. (vi) Shatabdika has a planetary chain of 100 years. (vii) Chaturashitisama dasa has a planetary chain of 84 years. In all these dasas, Vimshottri dasa is the most widely accepted and used system. In certain parts of India Ashtottri dasa system is also employed to a limited extent.

DASA CHHTDRA The last portion of a planetary ruler ship. This duration is often inauspicious. DASAMAMSA One-tenth division of a zodiacal sign' Each of it consists of 30 with different planets ruling and different Vedic deities presiding.

DATA YOGA A planetary combination formed by Jupiter in ascendant, Venus in 4th house, Mercury in the 7th, and Mars in the 10th house. It makes an individual very affluent and generous.

DATTAKA PUTRA/ POSYA PUTRA Adopted child.

DEBILITATION Also known as Neecha. It represents the weakest position of a planet. At this position the auspicious effects of the planet are eliminated unless cancelled by Neecha Bhanga Raja Yoga (q.v.). The planets are debilitated as follows: Sun in Libra, 100; Moon in Scorpio, 30 Mars in Cancer, 280 Mercury in Pisces, 150; Jupiter in Capricorn, 50; and Venus in Virgo, 270; and Saturn in Aries, 200. Debilitation of a planet occurs 1800 away from its exaltation point.

DECANATE One-third portion of a zodiacal sign, equal to 10' each.

DECLINATION Kranti (sk). The angular distance of a heavenly body from the celestial equator measured on the Great Circle, or Meridian, passing through the Celestial Pole and the body. Declination of stars changes very slowly due to the effects of the precession of equinoxes (q.v.) whereas that of a planet changes markedly over a short period.

DEEPTAMSA Range of an expecting planet; the focal point of an expecting planet; the orb within which the aspect of a planet can be effective. The 7th house aspect of a planet means transference of its influence to the 7th house from which the planet is situated. It implies transference to the entire range of 300 of the house. In actual practice, it is not so. A planet placed towards the end of a sign does not effectively aspect a planet located towards the beginning of the seventh sign from it, though it is generally stated to be doing so. Deeptamsa indicates the area of maximum impact of an expecting planet. It is 150 for the Sun, 120 for Moon, 80 for Mars, 70 for Mercury, 90 for Jupiter, 70 for Venus, and 90 for Saturn. The area of maximum impact extends over 1800 ± Deeptamsa.

DEHAM A term used in Kala Chakra Dasa (q.v.). If differs for different quarters of an asterism. (Different related concepts are described in detail under Kala Chakra Dasa)

DESCENDANT The house opposite to ascendant. It represents the western direction in the sky, the region where the planets set down the horizon. In predictive astrology it represents the 7th house.

DESHANTAR Longitude.

DETRIMENT Position of a planet opposite to the sign of its ruler ship.

DEVARISHIS Also known as Devarshis. The sages of the highest order. Either they are mind born sons of Brahma, e.g., Narada, or those who have, by their austerities, attained the exalted status of demigods. They dwell in the region of gods.

DEVAS Shining ones. Gods dwelling in Indra's kingdom.

DEVAVIDYA Divine wisdom. A term used by Narada (q.v.) which he included among the various subjects when he told Sanat Kumar what he had learnt to prove his preparedness/eligibility for receiving further instructions from him. The nine subjects mentioned on this occasion, besides the Vedas, were history (including Puranic stories), grammar and philosophy (Nirukta), the knowledge of helping the Pitras (q.v.) and ancestors, mathematics, the science of manifestation, the knowledge of hidden wealth (Nidhi), logic and debate, ethics and Devavidya. The last implied either the secret of existence and functioning of 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras, 12 Adityas, vidyuta (electricity), and the gods of the oblations of yajnas totaling 23, or the working of these gods which refers to the laws and their operations relating to physical sciences.

DEVATA A divine being; god. Devata includes many grades of celestial beings from the highest cosmic powers to a large number of beneficent inferior nature spirits.

DEVA YONI Of divine birth. A general name for those who belong to the realm of gods.

DEVENDRA YOGA A planetary combination formed by ascendant placed in a fixed sign, ascendant lord in 11th, the lord of 11th in ascendant, and the lords of 2nd and 10th houses in mutual exchange. This combination is powerful in making the individual extremely beautiful (handsome like Indra), loved by pretty women, owner of vast wealth and villas. He attains a very high social status.

DEVI The female cosmic power. She is worshipped both in her mild forms (i) representing Uma, the light; Gauri, the brilliant; Jagatmata, the mother of the world, and so on; and (ii) in her fierce forms such as Chandika, the fierce; Durga, the terrible, or the unconquerable; Kali, the black, and so on. Various names had been given to this power and it is worshipped for obtaining quick divine favors.

DEVYANI Daughter of Shukra (Venus), and wife of Yayati, a mythological king of ancient India. DHANA KARAKA The planet producing wealth, viz., Jupiter.

DHANAYOGAS Planetary combinations for wealth.

BA PART I : PAPER 3.14

MATHEMATICAL ASTROLOGY 2

Celestial latitude :
The celestial latitude of a heavenly body is the angle subtended
by the perpendicular arc from the heavenly body to the ecliptic. The
celestial latitudes vary from 0° to 90° on either side of the ecliptic and
letters ‘N’ and’S’ are suffixed according to their position towards north/
south of the ecliptic.

Right Ascension :
The right ascension of a heavenly body is the angular distance of
the arc measured along the celestial equator from the vernal equinox
(movable first point of Aries) to the foot of the perpendicular drawn on
the equator from the heavenly body.

Declination:
Declination of a heavenly body is the angle subtended by the
perpendicular arc from the heavenly body to the celestial equator. The
declination vary from 0° to 90° on either side of the celestial equator
and the letters W’ and’S’ are suffixed according to their position towards
north or south of the celestial equator.
The definitions in paras are explained with the
help of a diagram as ABOVE




In the figure - , ABC is the celestial equator, DEF is ecliptic, 0 is
the centre of the earth/celestial sphere. N and S are celestial poles.
P and Q are poles of ecliptic.
X is a heavenly body/star.
XG is the perpendicular arc on ecliptic.
XH is the perpendicular arc on celestial equator.
M and L are movable first point of Aries (vernal equinox) and first
point of Libra (Autumnal equinox)
Celestial longitude of the star = angle subtended by the arc MG
Celestial latitude of the star = angle subtended by the arc XG
Right Ascension (R.A.) = angle subtended by the arc MH
Declination = angle subtended by the arc XH

Horizon circle:
The circle where the earth and the sky appear to meet is called
the Horizon. It depends on the power of the telescope/eye of the observer,
how much big is this circle. The plane of this circle where it intersects
the celestial sphere is the Horizon circle.

Zenith:
The plumb line of the place when produced upwards, the point
where it meets the celestial sphere is known as zenith of the place. In
other words the meeting point of a straight line from the centre of the
earth and passing through the observer, with the celestial sphere is zenith.
It is one of the two poles of the Horizon circle.

Nadir :
The point of intersection of the straight line passing through the
foot of the observer and the centre of the earth, with the celestial sphere
is called Nadir. It is a diameterically opposite point of zenith on the
celestial sphere. It is the second pole of the Horizon circle.

Verticals :
Secondaries to the Horizon circle are called verticals. The great
circles passing through the Zenith and Nadir are verticals. These are
perpendicular to the Horizon.

Celestial Meridian:
A great circle on the celestial sphere passing through the observer’s
zenith and the celestial poles is called the observer’s celestial Meridian.
This Meridian intersects the horizon at two points. These points indicate
Elements of Astronomy and Astrological Calculations
the North and South direction of the observer.

Altitude :
Altitude of a heavenly body is the angle subtended by the
perpendicular arc from the heavenly body to the horizon. In other words
the angle of the arc of the vertical from the heavenly body to the horizon
is the altitude of that heavenly body.

Azimuth:
Azimuth of a heavenly body is the arc intercepted on the horizon
between the foot of the vertical drawn through the body and the meridian
i.e. NortiV South point. The North or South point from where it is
measured should be mentioned. If the foot of perpendicular is in the
East of the North/South point ‘E’ should be suffixed to the Azimuth. If it
is towards west W may be suffixed.

Prime Vertical :
The vertical circle which is making 90° angle with the celestial
meridian is called Prime Vertical. It cuts the horizon at East and West
points. The direction towards these points is East/West of the observer.
3.19 The definitions ARE explained through
diagram.



0 is the observer at the centre.
Z is Zenith.
R is Nadir.
P & Q are North and South poles
X is a star (heavenly body)
NWHSE is the Horizon.
PZQ is the celestial meridian meeting the horizon at S and N
S and N are thie South & North points of observer.
ZERW is the Prime Vertical.
ZXHR is a vertical throuth X.
Altitude = angle of the arc HX
Aizmuth = angle of the arc SH (W) or NH (W)
measured from South point or North point.

Declination circles and Hour circles:
Secondaries to the equator (The circles passing through the North
& South poles) are called Declination circles because the declination of
heavenly bodies are measured along these circles.

Hour angle:
The angle which the declination circle through a star makes with
the celestial meridian is called the hour angle of the star.
The time interval between two successive crossing of the meridian
by a star is one sidereal day of 23” 56”” 4” (in solar hours).
In the figure -7, X is a star.
P & Q are the North and South poles.
AB is celestial equator.
NKSJ is the Horizon of the observer.
PXH is the declination circle of the star.
DJEXK is the circle parallel to the equator, in which the star appeals
to revolve daily due to earth’s rotation. It rises when it comes at J and at
maximum altitude at E and sets at K.
PZEBSQ is the observer’s meridian.
PXH is the meridian of the star. It is also called the declination
circle through it.
Hour angle of the stffr is the angle between the meridian
Elements of Astronomy and Astrological Calculations 21
of the star and the observer’s meridian. Here angle HPB or angle
XPE is the hour angle of the star. This angle is converted into time unit
al.so.
360° = 24 sidereal hours
15° = I sidereal hour
1° = 4 sidereal minutes.
For the sun it will be solar daus and hour’s otr ac tho c.m alcn

moves about 1° in a day.
3-22 Paras 3.22 to 3.25 will be explained in chapter X. Here the
definitions are given.

Inferior Conjunction:
An inner planet (Mercury and Venus) is at inferior conjunction
urhen it Is i” between the sun and the earth and its longitudes are equal
to that ofthe sun. The planet is nearer to the earth at this time.
~93 Superior Conjunction:
· L time when the inner planet is at greatest distance (the sun is
‘n between i+>o ~i-.--.
· “~ Hiaiiet ana the earth) and the longitudes of the planet




and the sun are equal, the planet is at superior conjunction.

Conjunction:
When an outer planet (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn etc.) are at greatest
distance i.e. the sun is in between the planet and the earth and the
longitudes of the planet and the sun are the same, the planet is at
conjunction.

Opposition:
An outer planet is nearest to the earth i.e. the earth is in between
the planet and the sun and the difference in longitudes of the sun and
the planet is 180°, the planet is said to be in opposition.
m
Thttig.l

(b)
4.1 Different kinds of unite tot measuring distances, weight,
time etc were prevailing in ditfierent countries. Now uniformity among
these units is observed In most of tHie tountries and the units of distances
and weight are mostly of multiples of 10. The basic unit of time are
taken as Gregorien Calender year, Hour, Minutes and seconds etc. We
shall see the various uriitS Of tirhS prevailing in India.
(a) 6 Pran = I Ral (Vinadi) = 24 seconds
60 Pal = I Ghati (Nadi) = 24 minutes
60 Ghati = I day (civil day)
21,600 Pran = 86400 seconds = I day
100 Truti = I Tatpar
30 Tatpar == I Nimesh
ISNimesh = I Kashtha
30 Kashtha = I Kala
30 Kald = I Ghati (Ghatika)
2 Ghatika = I Muhurta
30 Muhurta = I day = 60 Ghattka
60Anupal = I Vipal
60Vipal= iPa60 Pal = I ghati

2- Ghati = I hour
7- Ghati = I Prahar = 3 hours.
8 Prahar = 60 Ghati = 24 hours = I Ahoratri (I day)
15 days = I Raksha
2 Rakshas = I Month
12 Months = I year